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The Pacific Maritime Association (PMA) is a non-profit organization based in San Francisco, California which represents employers of the shipping industry on the Pacific Coast.〔Robert Wright, 'US supply chains face lengthy turmoil despite port deals', ''Financial Times'', 23 February 2015, p. 8〕 ==Background== The Pacific Maritime Association was founded in 1949.〔(Pacific Maritime Association: Overview )〕 It is a non-profit corporation registered as a Charity with the California Department of Justice. The principal business of the PMA is to negotiate and administer labor agreements with the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU). PMA’s 72 members are cargo carriers, terminal operators and stevedores that operate along the U.S. West Coast. In 1960, it negotiated the Mechanization and Modernization Agreement.〔 As of December 2012, PMA members employed nearly 14,000 registered longshore, clerk and foreman workers at 29 West Coast ports in California, Oregon and Washington, and thousands more “casual” workers, who typically work part-time. Since the 2002 agreement that brought the widespread use of technology to the West Coast, the registered workforce has increased by 32 percent. In 2015, it negotiated a five-year contract with the ILWU, ending the PMA lockout which halted the US supply chains across the Pacific Coast.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pacific Maritime Association」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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